The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt .of India, evolved a National Health Policy in 1983 keeping in view the national commitment to attain the goal of health for all by the year of 2000.Since then there has been significant changes in the determinant factors relating to the health sector, necessitating revision of the policy, and a new National Health Policy-2002 was evolved. 

 

National Health Policy 1983:

The Parliament of India passed the National Health Policy in 1983 for all over India. This policy was formulated according to the Alma Ata declaration. The main objective of this was health for all by 2000 AD. Some of its goals are:

1. Reducing the crude birth rate (CBR) till 20 per thousand till 2000 AD.

2. Maintaining net reproduction rate (NRR) at 1.

3. Limiting the family to 2 children.

4. Reducing the mortality rate up to 9 per thousand population.

5. Reducing the mother mortality rate below 2 per thousand mothers.

6. Reducing the infant mortality rate below 60 per thousand infants.

7. Increasing the couple protection rate above 60 percent.

8. Achieved the target of 100% antenatal care and delivery conducted by trained workers. 

9. Achieved the target of immunisation about 85% of all child and 100% pregnant women.

 

National Health Policy 2002:

The main objective of this policy is to achieve an acceptable standard of good health amongst the general population of the country. The approach would be to increase access to decentralization public health system by establishing new infrastructure in the existing institutions. Over-riding importance would be given to ensure a more equitable access to health services across the social and geographical expanse of the country. Primacy will be given to preventive and first line curative initiatives at the primary health level. 

Objectives: 

1. To achieve an acceptable standard of good health amongst the general population of the country. 

2. To increase access to the decentralizing public health system by establishing new infrastructure in deficient areas and, by upgrading the infrastructure in existing institutions. 

3. To ensuring a more equitable access to health services across the social and geographical expanse of the country. 

4. To enhance the contribution of the private sector in providing health service for the population groups this can afford to pay for services. 

5. To increase the aggregate public health investment through a substantially increased by the central government. 

6. To strengthen the capacity of the public health administration at the state level to render effective service delivery. 

7. To rationalize use of drugs within the allopathic system. 

8. To increase access to tried and tested systems of traditional Medicine. 

 

Goals to be achieved by 2000-2015: 

2003 –

1. Enactment of legislation for regulating minimum standard in clinical Establishment / Medical institution

 

2005 – 

1. Eradication of Polio & Yaws 

2. Elimination Leprosy 

3. Increase State Sector health spending from 5.5% to 7% two of the budget

4. Establishment of an integrated system of surveillance, National Health Accounts and Health Statistics 

5. 1% of the total budget for Medical Research 

6. Decentralization of implementation of public health program 

 

2007-

1. Achieve of Zero level growth of HIV/AIDS

 

2010- 

1. Elimination of Kala- Azar 

2. Reduction of mortality by 50% on account of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Other vector & water borne Diseases 

3. Reduce prevalence of Blindness to 0.5% 

4. Reduction of IMR to 30/1000 live births &MMR to100/ Lakh live births 

5. Increase utilization of public health facilities from current level of <20% to > 75% 

6. Increase health expenditure by government from the existing 0.9% to 2.0% of GDP 

7. Increase share of Central grants to constitute at least 25% of total health spending 

8. Further increase of State sector Health spending from 7% to 8% 

9. 2% of the total health budget for medical Research. 

 

2015- 

1. Elimination lymphatic Filariasis.

 

National Health Policy 2015

The primary aim of the National Health policy, 2015, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of government in shaping health system in all its dimensions-investment in health, organization and financing of healthcare services, prevention of disease and promotion of good health through cross sectoral action, access to technologies, developing human resources, encouraging medical pluralism, building the knowledge base required for better health, financial protection strategies and regulation and legislation for health. 

The Goal of NHP is attainment of highest possible level of good health and well being, through preventive and promotive health care orientation in all development policies, and universal access to good quality health care services without anyone having to face financial hardship as a consequence. 

 

Objectives:

1. Improve population health status through concerted policy action in all sectors and expand preventive, promotive, curative, palliative and rehabilitative services provided by the public health sector. 

2. Achieve a significant reduction in out of pocket expenditure due to health care costs and reduction in proportion of households experiencing catastrophic health expenditures and consequent impoverishment. 

3. Assure universal availability of free, comprehensive primary health care services as an entitlement, for all aspects of reproductive, maternal, child and adolescent health and for the most prevalent communicable and non communicable and non communicable diseases in the population. 

4. Enable universal access to free essential drugs, diagnostics, emergency ambulance services, and emergency medical and surgical care services in public health facilities, so as to enhance the financial protection role of public facilities for all sections of the population. 

5. Ensure improved access and affordability of secondary and tertiary care services through a combination of public hospitals and strategic purchasing of services from the private health sector. 

6. Influence the growth of the private health care industry and medical technologies to ensure alignment with public health goals, and enable contribution to making health care systems more effective, efficient, rational, safe, affordable and ethical. 

 

National Health Policy 2017————Pg 89-90    Unit III

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